State profile · MD

Maryland Public Schools

Every public school, district, and the headline NCES measures for Maryland — 25 districts, drawn straight from federal records.

1,383
Schools
885,796
Students
14.4:1
Avg ratio
49.0%
Free lunch

The state in one line

Maryland runs 1,383 public schools across 25 districts, with a 14.4:1 average classroom and 49.0% of students on subsidized lunch.

1,383
public schools
25
school districts
14.4:1
avg student–teacher
49.0%
free/reduced lunch

What the NCES Data Says About Maryland Schools

Maryland operates 1,383 public K-12 schools organised into 25 independent school districts serving 885,796 students, per the National Center for Education Statistics Common Core of Data 2024-25. The largest district, Montgomery County Public Schools, enrolls 160,554 pupils across 210 schools at $18,101 per student, while smaller rural districts can run fewer than a dozen campuses. This fragmentation — inherited from century-old township governance patterns in many states — is why per-pupil spending, class sizes, and programme availability vary dramatically inside a single state boundary.

Statewide, the average student-teacher ratio is 14.4:1, a useful benchmark for comparing any individual district or school on PlainSchools. Free-lunch eligibility averages 49.0% across Maryland public schools, a federal indicator of economic need that drives Title I funding allocations. The district table below is sortable by enrollment, school count, and per-pupil expenditure — the three fields that best predict a district's financial and demographic profile. For schools specifically, use the rankings links above to view per-category leaderboards covering spending, class size, best schools by composite quality score, chronic absenteeism, and funding-equity distribution within the state.

Every district figure here pulls from two distinct federal surveys: enrollment and demographic data come from the NCES Common Core of Data 2024-25 (school membership and directory), while per-pupil spending, teacher salaries, and federal/state/local revenue shares originate in the NCES F-33 School District Finance Survey (typically FY 2021-22). Civil-rights indicators — gifted enrollment, AP course counts, counselor staffing, chronic absenteeism, in- and out-of-school suspensions — come from the 2021-22 Civil Rights Data Collection. Cross-referencing these three sources is what lets PlainSchools produce composite scores and equity rankings that single-source tools cannot.

Maryland's average class size vs. every US state

Average students per teacher, state by state (lower means smaller classes)

14 smaller classes than 49% of 51 US states

11–12: 7 US states (14%). Below this entry. 12–13: 4 US states (8%). Below this entry. 13–14: 8 US states (16%). Below this entry. 14–15: 10 US states (20%). This entry sits in this band. 15–16: 5 US states (10%). Above this entry. 16–17: 4 US states (8%). Above this entry. 17–18: 4 US states (8%). Above this entry. 18–19: 5 US states (10%). Above this entry. 20–21: 1 US states (2%). Above this entry. 21–22: 1 US states (2%). Above this entry. 22–23: 1 US states (2%). Above this entry. 23–24: 1 US states (2%). Above this entry. This state 11 24 every US state, by average class size, bucketed by value

Each bar is a band; taller bars hold more US states. The dashed line + filled bar mark this entry. Hover or tap any bar for its full count, share, and where it sits relative to this entry.

Source U.S. Department of Education — NCES Common Core of Data · 2024-25

Or browse all Maryland schools

Federal data — no proprietary formula. PlainSchools publishes the actual federal survey data — enrollment, staffing, finance, and demographics from NCES — without a composite rating on top. The insights below are computed directly from those datasets; every number traces to a cited source.

Montgomery County Public Schools accounts for 18.1% of all Maryland K-12 enrollment

That concentration — well above the 8.4% national median for largest-district share — means state-level averages can mask substantial variation outside the dominant district. Montgomery County Public Schools operates 210 schools serving 160,554 students, spending $18,101 per pupil. When one district dominates a state's K-12 footprint, its programmatic and budget decisions effectively set policy for a majority of the state's students.

Source: NCES Common Core of Data Local Education Agency (District) Universe Survey · 2024-25

Maryland per-pupil spending varies 3.5× across districts

Per-pupil spending in Maryland ranges from $14,943 (lowest district) to $52,174 (highest), a spread of $37,231. That relatively narrow ratio reflects an unusually equalised funding system — most states have wider gaps. High-spending districts typically draw on higher property tax bases, a structural feature of state education finance under the federal Title I framework that sets the floor but not the ceiling.

Source: NCES F-33 School District Finance Survey Local Education Agency Finance Survey (F-33) · FY 2021-22

Maryland operates only 25 school districts — among the most consolidated K-12 governance structures in the country

Most Maryland districts are countywide or multi-county systems. Consolidation produces narrower per-pupil spending variance because resources pool across larger student populations, but it can also mask intra-district inequities — school-by-school differences within a single district are not visible at the state-aggregation level. Consolidated states typically rely more heavily on state-level funding formulas than on local property tax variability.

Source: NCES Common Core of Data Local Education Agency Universe · 2024-25

Average Maryland student-teacher ratio is 14.4:1 — near the U.S. average of approximately 16:1

Student-teacher ratio is the simplest staffing metric reported on NCES Common Core of Data, but it does not capture push-in specialists, intervention staff, English Language Learner aides, special education co-teachers, or counseling and support staff. Variation between districts within the state is wider than the state-average figure suggests — large urban districts may run 20:1 while small rural districts run 10:1, both inside the same average. Class-load comparisons are most meaningful at the district or school level, not the state aggregate.

Source: NCES Common Core of Data — Public School Universe School-level enrollment and staffing · 2024-25

Largest districts in Maryland

By total K-12 enrollment — NCES Common Core 2024-25

Top district = 18% of enrollment
Montgomery County Public Schools160,554Prince George's County Public …131,133Baltimore County Public Schools111,082Anne Arundel County Public Sch…84,452Baltimore City Public Schools75,995Howard County Public Schools57,676Frederick County Public Schools46,899Harford County Public Schools38,037Charles County Public Schools27,598Carroll County Public Schools25,787
# District Enrollment
1 Montgomery County Public Schools Rockville 160,554
2 Prince George's County Public Schools Upper Marlboro 131,133
3 Baltimore County Public Schools Towson 111,082
4 Anne Arundel County Public Schools Annapolis 84,452
5 Baltimore City Public Schools Baltimore 75,995
6 Howard County Public Schools Ellicott City 57,676
7 Frederick County Public Schools Frederick 46,899
8 Harford County Public Schools Bel Air 38,037
9 Charles County Public Schools La Plata 27,598
10 Carroll County Public Schools Westminster 25,787
11 Washington County Public Schools Hagerstown 22,297
12 St. Mary's County Public Schools Leonardtown 17,493
13 Calvert County Public Schools Prince Frederick 15,461
14 Cecil County Public Schools Elkton 15,047
15 Wicomico County Public Schools Salisbury 14,900
16 Allegany County Public Schools Cumberland 8,181
17 Queen Anne's County Public Schools Centreville 7,387
18 Worcester County Public Schools Newark 6,841
19 Caroline County Public Schools Denton 5,667
20 Dorchester County Public Schools Cambridge 4,523
21 Talbot County Public Schools Easton 4,523
22 Garrett County Public Schools Oakland 3,500
23 Somerset County Public Schools Westover 2,773
24 Kent County Public Schools Rock Hall 1,751
25 Seed School of Maryland Baltimore 403

Source: NCES Common Core of Data As of 2024-25 Local Education Agency Universe Federal universe survey of all U.S. school districts

Largest Schools in Maryland

Other States

Side-by-side: Compare Montgomery County Public Schools vs Prince George's County Public Schools → · Compare any two districts

Data sourced from NCES Common Core of Data (CCD) 2024-25, NCES F-33 School District Finance Survey, and Civil Rights Data Collection (CRDC) 2021-22.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many public schools are in Maryland?

Maryland has 1,383 public schools across 25 school districts, serving 885,796 students.

What is the average student-teacher ratio in Maryland?

The average student-teacher ratio in Maryland public schools is 14.4:1. This varies by district — use the district table below to compare.

What percentage of Maryland students qualify for free lunch?

49.0% of students in Maryland qualify for free or reduced-price lunch, an indicator of economic need used for Title I funding.

What is the largest school district in Maryland?

The largest school district in Maryland is Montgomery County Public Schools with 160,554 students across 210 schools.

Top schools in Maryland by enrollment

Largest K-12 public schools by total students enrolled

students

What this shows The largest public schools in Maryland by enrollment — often statewide virtual academies or large consolidated campuses, so size here reflects reach, not quality.

Source NCES Common Core of Data (CCD) As of 2024-25

Source: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Common Core of Data (CCD) — Public school universe · 2023-2024 Public K-12 school enrollment, demographics, and operational data; collected annually by NCES from state education agencies.